Sewage treatment knowledge articles | 10 ways of water treatment

In today's environment where environmental protection is gaining more and more attention, it is also very important in terms of water treatment. In the water treatment technology, it is necessary to meet the requirements of the current era, and it has the requirements of high efficiency, environmental protection, energy saving and stability.

1. Softening water treatment technology

   There are two kinds of soft water technologies commonly used in water softeners. One is to remove calcium and magnesium ions from water by ion exchange resin to reduce the hardness of water; the other is nanocrystalline technology, namely TemplateAsisted Crystallization, which is produced by nanocrystals. The high energy packs the free calcium, magnesium and bicarbonate ions in the water into nano-scale crystals, preventing the free ions from forming scale.

2. Distillation water treatment technology

   Distillation refers to boiling water and collecting the steam to cool and condense into a liquid. Distilled water is extremely safe drinking water, but there are some issues to be further explored. Since distilled water does not contain minerals, this has become a reason for opponents to suggest that people's life expectancy is aging. In addition, the distillation method is costly and consumes energy, and cannot remove volatile substances in water.

3, boiling water treatment technology

   Boiling method refers to the drinking of tap water after boiling. This is an ancient method and is widely used in China. Boiling water kills bacteria, but it can't be removed for some chemicals and heavy metals, even if it is extremely low, so drinking is not safe.

4, magnetization water treatment technology

   The magnetization method refers to the treatment of water by a magnetic field effect, which is called magnetization of water. The process of magnetization is the process in which the magnetization process is completed after the water passes through the magnet in a direction perpendicular to the magnetic lines of force. China's magnetization treatment of water is still in the initial stage of practice and research. Foreign water purifiers do not have the requirement of magnetization function, because magnetized water does not belong to the scope of clean water, but belongs to medical problems.

5. Mineralization water treatment technology

   Mineralization refers to the addition of mineral elements (such as calcium, zinc, barium, etc.) that are beneficial to the human body on the basis of purification. Commercially available water purifiers generally achieve mineralization by adding maifanite to the water purifier, but the Ministry of Health has clearly stated that “the wading products must not promote any health care function”. Ozone and ultraviolet sterilizing can only be sterilized in such a way that heavy metals and chemicals that do not fall out of the water are removed, and the killed bacterium remains in the water and becomes a pyrogen.

6. Electrolytic water treatment technology

   Electrolysis is the electrolysis of purified water, which began in Japan. This equipment is called a water ionizer. It purifies the water first and then electrolyzes it. The alkaline activated water corresponds to the PH value of the human body environment. It has a health-care effect on the human body and is suitable for drinking. The acidic activated water can be used for washing, bathing, and beauty. effect. However, the benefits of electrolyzed water to the human body need to be further explored.

7. Activated carbon adsorption water treatment technology

   A. Granular activated carbon is commonly used, and the carbonaceous materials such as essence, coal quality, and nut shell (nuclear) are produced by chemical method or physical activation method. It has a very large number of micropores and specific surface area, so it has a strong adsorption capacity and can effectively adsorb organic pollutants in water. In addition, during the activation process, some non-crystalline sites on the surface of the activated carbon form oxygen-containing functional groups, which make the activated carbon have chemisorption and catalytic oxidation and reduction properties, and can effectively remove some metal ions in the water.

   B. Silver-infiltrated activated carbon combines activated carbon and silver. It not only adsorbs organic pollutants in water, but also has a bactericidal effect. It does not grow bacteria in activated carbon, and sometimes solves the nitrite content of water in the water purifier. High problem. When the water passes through the silver-infiltrated activated carbon, the silver ions are slowly released, which acts as a disinfectant. Since activated carbon has a good effect on removing color, odor, chlorine, iron, arsenic, mercury, cyanide, phenol, etc. in water, the sterilization effect is more than 90%, so it is applied to a small water purifier.

   C. A new type of adsorbent material formed by activated carbon carbon fiber activated carbon has a developed microporous structure, a large specific surface area, and numerous functional groups. Foreign countries have made remarkable achievements in the use of fiber-activated carbon for solvent recovery and gas purification; they have also done a lot of research work in water treatment applications.

8. RO reverse osmosis membrane water treatment technology

   RO reverse osmosis is a kind of pure water machine (also known as terminal water purification equipment) that can be directly consumed by humans without filtering any raw materials through the current international popular reverse osmosis method. ). The municipal water is used as the raw water according to the water quality in accordance with the “Hygienic Standard for Drinking Water Quality” (2001) of the Ministry of Health of China. The raw water is pre-treated by two activated carbon filter elements (one granular activated carbon and one sintered activated carbon) and one PPF spray-coated filter. Filtration, and then apply pressure to the pre-filtered water to pass through a RO (reverse osmosis, English Reverse Osmosis) membrane with a pore size of one ten thousandth of a micron, and finally pass the silver-loaded activated carbon (also known as small) made of a shell (coconut) T33) Regulates the pH of the water (making the pure water tastes sweet and mellow) and producing pure water.

9, microfiltration and ultrafiltration water treatment technology

   The microfiltration method is a microporous membrane made of cellulose or a polymer material, and uses its uniform pore size to intercept particles, bacteria, colloids, and the like in the water, so that it is removed without passing through the membrane. This microporous membrane filtration technology, also known as granular filtration technology, is capable of filtering micron or nanoscale particles and bacteria. Both ultrafiltration and microfiltration are membrane separation technologies. There is no obvious boundary between the two. The working pressure of ultrafiltration is generally about 0.3 MPa, which can remove macromolecular substances, bacteria, viruses, etc. in water, but the flux is low. .

10, composite water treatment technology

    When a process is difficult to remove harmful substances in water, two or more processes are used as a composite type. Such as activated carbon adsorption, ultraviolet sterilization, activated carbon adsorption, reverse osmosis, activated carbon adsorption, microfiltration (ultrafiltration), polypropylene microfiber, microfiltration (ultrafiltration).